The Rio-Antirrio Bridge was inaugurated on August 7, 2004, one week before the opening of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

Within two decades, it changed the economic landscape in Greece. The Rio-Antirrio Bridge, which connects the Peloponnese with Central Greece, had the aim of making the transport of passengers and cargo much easier. That has certainly been achieved.

The opening of the bridge was a celebration, with the first people to officially cross it being none other than the Olympic torchbearers of the 2004 Olympics. One member of that group was Otto Rehhagel, the German football coach who had led the Greek national team to their triumph in the Euro 2004 Cup just a month earlier.

The official name of the bridge is the Charilaos Trikoupis Bridge, named after the nineteenth-century prime minister of Greece, who was the first man to envision such a span connecting the Peloponnese with Central Greece. Unfortunately, state finances at the time did not allow for such a large-scale project.

The 2,380-meter (approximately 1.8-mile) long bridge is one of the longest cable-stay bridges in the entire world. It improves access to and from the Peloponnese, which could previously only be reached by ferry or via the Isthmus of Corinth.

According to a recent study by the Observatory of Road Networks in Western Greece and the Peloponnese, the construction of the graceful white cable-stay bridge has already resulted in enormous financial benefits. To date, this amount is estimated to be over 400 million euros.

The experts believe that the total amount of funds the bridge’s construction will bring to the area will be more than one billion euros during the period of 2017 to 2032.

Tourist flows have also improved, which is especially noted with arrivals coming into the area from the north from the port of Patras. Travelers heading for the Ionian Sea islands and areas in Central Greece can now easily and swiftly cross through the central area of the country and back again.

The study also noted that the bridge has already had a positive effect on property values in the northern region, which has led to a significant rise in land prices. This has given added value to an area that had been largely underdeveloped, attracting investment.

Traffic flows have also benefited immensely from the creation of the Charilaos Trikoupis Bridge. It not only connects two major motorways, the Ionian Odos and Olympia Odos, but transport connections between Epirus and Aitoloakarnania have been greatly improved, as well.

Before the construction of the new span, Aitoloakarnania had basically been almost completely cut off from the rest of the country.

Rio-Antirrio Bridge considered an engineering masterpiece

The construction of the imposing cable-stay bridge is widely considered to be an engineering masterpiece, owing to several solutions applied to overcome difficulties caused by its location and the geology of the region.

These difficulties included the especially deep waters of the river, the once-unstable underlying ground under the bases of the bridge, seismic activity, the probability of tsunamis, and the expansion of the Gulf of Corinth due to plate tectonics.

The seabed was first reinforced and stabilized by driving two hundred hollow steel pipes into the ground beneath each pier. The pier footings themselves were not driven into the seabed; they rest on a bed of gravel meticulously leveled to an even surface (a difficult endeavor at this depth).

During an earthquake, the piers are able to move laterally along the sea floor, with the gravel bed absorbing the energy. The bridge decking is also connected to the pylons using special jacks and dampers designed to absorb any movement.

View the fascinating video below to see all the special features of this unique and beautiful cable-stay bridge, which has already contributed immensely to the economy of the country.

Nisyros is a magical gem located in the Aegean. The island, part of the Dodecanese archipelago, is situated between Kos and Tilos, and has an active volcano which is also the youngest volcano in Greece.

Nisyros offers untouched villages, quiet beaches, hot springs and ancient walls of black volcanic stone. Top that off with the fact that there are few tourists, and you’ll feel like the entire island and all of its many beauties are exclusively yours.

The amazing villages of  Greece’s Nisyros island

Disfruta de la Grecia auténtica sin prisa ni aglomeraciones. Descubre la isla de #Nysiros y vive la cultura y la historia como nunca antes.⁣
⁣#Grecia #Vacaciones #Travel #GreciaTour #TourPrivado #FelizMiércoles pic.twitter.com/2p23dXOUOS

— GreciaTour.com (@GreciaTour_com) August 10, 2022

There are several quaint villages on the island; the largest is Mandraki. It is straight out of a photo book of traditional Greek island architecture and great views.

The narrow, cobbled streets and squares lace around the villages where you can take a stroll and feel as though you have traveled back to ancient times. The homes, which are made of volcanic rocks and are insulated with pumice stone, boast wooden balconies.

Nightlife on Nisyros is very unlike the hectic pace of party islands in Greece. You will, however, find quaint local tavernas and bars in which to enjoy your lazy summer nights.

The Volcano

You can actually go to the center of the island, walk along the volcano’s rim, and watch its boiling crater. The volcano, which hasn’t actually erupted since 1888, is a spectacular sight.

The Volcanological Museum in Nikia

Located at the edge of the caldera, the view is breathtaking, and you can learn a thing or two about the fascinating geology of the island. 3D animated images to demonstrate various facts about the volcano are available, so be sure to check them out.

Paleokastro, Nisyros’ Acropolis

Dating back to the classical period and ruins of the ancient city, the Paleokastro is constructed from one of the hardest rocks in the world, basaltic andesite, which was spewed out from the volcano. This has helped preserve the acropolis through the passage of time.

A Monastery Built in a Cave

The Monastery of Panagia Spiliani sits atop of a hill in northwest Mandraki, the largest part of it constructed inside a cave. A truly unique experience, the cave is divided into two churches and is definitely worth a visit.

Nisyros’ Thermal Spas

At several points along the coast of Nisyros, you will find spouting hot water springs with temperatures varying from 30 to 60 degrees Celsius (86 to 140 degrees F). The springs are known for their therapeutic effects for muscles and skin.

Around 1.5 km (1 mile) east of the port of Mandraki, you will find the thermal spa of Loutra with hot spring waters at 37 degrees Celsius (or 98.6 Fahrenheit, equal to humans’ body temperature).

Get ready For Beautiful Beaches on Nisyros island

Due to the relatively few numbers of travelers on the island, the beaches of Nisyros are extraordinarily clean, quiet, and relaxing.

You can go to a different beach every day, as there are many to choose from. Some favorites are Lefki Beach, along with Gialiskari, Lyés, Páloi, Pachia Ammos, Katsouni, Aghios Savas, Aghia Irini, and Chochlákia Beaches.

Must-try local cuisine

There are many traditional dishes to be savored on Nisyros island. Some typical “spitiko” or homemade dishes are pita, chickpea nuggets, and kapamas, which is stuffed goat. Of course, as you are on an island, there is always fresh seafood available, too!

Getting there

You can get to the volcanic paradise of Nisyros from the island of Kos or as part of a tour of other islands in the Dodecanese, as well as from Piraeus.

Nisyros is a magical gem located in the Aegean. The island, part of the Dodecanese archipelago, is situated between Kos and Tilos, and has an active volcano which is also the youngest volcano in Greece.

Nisyros offers untouched villages, quiet beaches, hot springs and ancient walls of black volcanic stone. Top that off with the fact that there are few tourists, and you’ll feel like the entire island and all of its many beauties are exclusively yours.

The amazing villages of  Greece’s Nisyros island

Disfruta de la Grecia auténtica sin prisa ni aglomeraciones. Descubre la isla de #Nysiros y vive la cultura y la historia como nunca antes.⁣
⁣#Grecia #Vacaciones #Travel #GreciaTour #TourPrivado #FelizMiércoles pic.twitter.com/2p23dXOUOS

— GreciaTour.com (@GreciaTour_com) August 10, 2022

There are several quaint villages on the island; the largest is Mandraki. It is straight out of a photo book of traditional Greek island architecture and great views.

The narrow, cobbled streets and squares lace around the villages where you can take a stroll and feel as though you have traveled back to ancient times. The homes, which are made of volcanic rocks and are insulated with pumice stone, boast wooden balconies.

Nightlife on Nisyros is very unlike the hectic pace of party islands in Greece. You will, however, find quaint local tavernas and bars in which to enjoy your lazy summer nights.

The Volcano

You can actually go to the center of the island, walk along the volcano’s rim, and watch its boiling crater. The volcano, which hasn’t actually erupted since 1888, is a spectacular sight.

The Volcanological Museum in Nikia

Located at the edge of the caldera, the view is breathtaking, and you can learn a thing or two about the fascinating geology of the island. 3D animated images to demonstrate various facts about the volcano are available, so be sure to check them out.

Paleokastro, Nisyros’ Acropolis

Dating back to the classical period and ruins of the ancient city, the Paleokastro is constructed from one of the hardest rocks in the world, basaltic andesite, which was spewed out from the volcano. This has helped preserve the acropolis through the passage of time.

A Monastery Built in a Cave

The Monastery of Panagia Spiliani sits atop of a hill in northwest Mandraki, the largest part of it constructed inside a cave. A truly unique experience, the cave is divided into two churches and is definitely worth a visit.

Nisyros’ Thermal Spas

At several points along the coast of Nisyros, you will find spouting hot water springs with temperatures varying from 30 to 60 degrees Celsius (86 to 140 degrees F). The springs are known for their therapeutic effects for muscles and skin.

Around 1.5 km (1 mile) east of the port of Mandraki, you will find the thermal spa of Loutra with hot spring waters at 37 degrees Celsius (or 98.6 Fahrenheit, equal to humans’ body temperature).

Get ready For Beautiful Beaches on Nisyros island

Due to the relatively few numbers of travelers on the island, the beaches of Nisyros are extraordinarily clean, quiet, and relaxing.

You can go to a different beach every day, as there are many to choose from. Some favorites are Lefki Beach, along with Gialiskari, Lyés, Páloi, Pachia Ammos, Katsouni, Aghios Savas, Aghia Irini, and Chochlákia Beaches.

Must-try local cuisine

There are many traditional dishes to be savored on Nisyros island. Some typical “spitiko” or homemade dishes are pita, chickpea nuggets, and kapamas, which is stuffed goat. Of course, as you are on an island, there is always fresh seafood available, too!

Getting there

You can get to the volcanic paradise of Nisyros from the island of Kos or as part of a tour of other islands in the Dodecanese, as well as from Piraeus.

Researchers once dismissed ancient face pots and battle axes from northern Europe as purely local creations, with no broader significance. A new study published in the Danish Journal of Archaeology challenges that view. It finds that these objects from the fourth millennium BC were part of a wider cultural movement linking societies across Europe.

Sebastian Schultrich, an archaeologist at the ROOTS Cluster of Excellence at Kiel University in Germany, studied pottery and stone weapons from the late Funnel Beaker Culture, roughly 3300 to 2600 BC.

His findings suggest communities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia were far more connected to the rest of the prehistoric world than previously recognized.

The face pots rank among the most striking artifacts of the period. Made primarily on the Danish islands around 3000 to 2900 BC, they feature raised eyebrow arches, a central nose, and circular eye markings.

Most have come from collective burial sites. For decades, researchers treated them as a uniquely local art form.

Face pots and battle axes mirrored pan-European cultural trends

Schultrich argues they were a local response to a pan-European cultural impulse. Around the same period, anthropomorphic art was emerging in southern France, northern Italy, and the Paris Basin.

Stone carvings and stelae depicted human figures alongside daggers and axes. The near-simultaneous appearance of human imagery across such distant regions suggests a shared “spirit of the age,” one that each society expressed in its own distinct way.

Battle axes reveal a parallel story. The double-headed stone axes found across northern Germany and Scandinavia carry a distinctly regional character. But battle axes as a broader category spread across Western, Central, and Northern Europe during this period.

Schultrich draws comparisons between these axes and weapons like daggers and halberds found in Italian graves. Both types used copper or stone, appeared in rock art, and showed up increasingly in burial contexts from the mid to late fourth millennium BC.

Loose Atlantic links laid the groundwork for bell beaker networks

The study also uncovers early signs of an Atlantic exchange network that predates the Bell Beaker phenomenon. Battle axes resembling French designs appeared in Galicia. Scandinavian flint axes reached the British Isles.

Pottery styles in Brittany echoed those developing in the Lower Rhine region. Schultrich describes these as loosely connected networks along the Atlantic coast, ones that would eventually grow into the broader Bell Beaker exchange system of the third millennium BC.

The Danish face pots and the eye motifs on Iberian pottery are most likely unrelated directly, Schultrich notes. But both reflect a broader cultural shift toward human representation in material objects.

The study adds to growing evidence that pre-Beaker societies built wide-reaching connections long before the migrations and cultural upheavals of the third millennium BC reshaped prehistoric Europe.

Scholars acknowledge that some legends from Greek mythology are strikingly similar to stories from the Bible. According to some theories, a few individual characters from the Bible might also appear in Greek mythology. One theory argues that the famous Moses of Egypt can be found in Greek records. Does Moses really appear in Greek mythology, or is this just wishful thinking?

Who was Moses?

Firstly, let us establish who Moses was. He appears in the Bible books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Exodus contains the most famous part of his life story. It tells the story of how he was a Hebrew boy placed in the Nile River, where the Pharaoh’s daughter then found him.

When Moses was an adult, he tried to help his fellow Hebrews, who were slaves in Egypt, but then he ran away and remained in a distant land for forty years. He eventually returned after God allowed him to go and free his people from Egypt. Pharaoh refused to let the Hebrews go, but after ten devastating plagues from God, he relented.

Moses led the people out of Egypt across the Red Sea (where Pharaoh and his army drowned after trying to pursue them) and into the Sinai wilderness. There, he gave his people an extensive list of regulations from God, collectively known as the Mosaic Law. He also wrote many religious writings. The first five books of the Bible are attributed to him, as well as several poetic writings.

Did the Greeks know about Moses?

The theory that Moses appears in Greek mythology depends on the idea that the Greeks could have known of Moses in the first place. After all, he could not have appeared in their mythology if they did not know about him.

As it so happens, Moses does appear in quite a few Greek records. The Egyptian priest Manetho, from the third century BCE, mentioned Moses in his history of Egypt. Since Manetho lived in Egypt during its Hellenistic era, it is virtually certain that the Greeks of that region were aware of Moses. They certainly would have known of him after reading Manetho’s history.

Interestingly, there is evidence that the Greeks knew about Moses even before the Hellenistic era of Egypt. The first-century BCE Greek historian Diodorus Siculus wrote about the origin of the Jews. His account came from Hecataeus of Abdera, a Greek traveler from c. 300 BCE.

Hecataeus’ account differs from the Bible’s account in numerous ways, but it is still fundamentally the same story of Moses. Therefore, at least as early as 300 BCE, the Greeks definitely knew about Moses.

Was Musaeus from Greek mythology the same as Moses?

In ancient times, several writers explicitly identified Moses with a certain figure from Greek mythology. This figure was Musaeus. It is obvious that the main reason for identifying the two figures is due to the similarity between their names. But is there any more of a connection than this? Well, what does Greek mythology say about Musaeus?

Musaeus was a legendary intellectual, philosopher, seer, prophet, poet, musician, and historian. The Greeks believed that he founded a class of priestly poetry in Athens. He allegedly lived in the time of Heracles and was associated with Orpheus, another prominent poet and prophet from Greek mythology.

Immediately, we can see that there are some definite similarities between Moses and Musaeus from Greek mythology. In addition to the similarity in their names, their roles are also similar. Moses was a prophet, since he relayed messages from God. He was a poet, since he wrote the poetic book of Job and several of the Psalms. He was also a historian, since he wrote part of the history of the Jews.

Why Musaeus could not have been Moses

Despite these similarities, there is a key reason why Musaeus could not have been Moses. The key reason is that they did not live at the same time.

At first glance, it might look like the chronology works very well. Moses is usually placed at the time of Ramesses II, who ruled in the 13th century BCE. He is also placed in the time of Heracles, who lived about half a century prior to the Trojan War. That would also put him in the 13th century BCE according to the traditional date of the Trojan War. Therefore, it seems at first glance that Musaeus and Moses would have been exact contemporaries.

However, the reality is not so simple. Despite the popular association between Moses and Ramesses II, this has no historical or Biblical basis. The Bible’s internal chronology, along with its genealogical record of the prophet Samuel, places Moses firmly in c. 1500 BCE. That means he lived almost three centuries earlier than the traditional era of Musaeus.

The true era of Musaeus

The theory connecting Moses with Musaeus is further disproved if we examine the information about Musaeus from Greek mythology even more closely. For one thing, there is evidence that the Trojan War occurred several centuries later than the traditional date.

Furthermore, recall that Musaeus was closely associated with Orpheus. Some records say that Musaeus was Orpheus’ son, while other records give the inverse relationship. In either case, they lived at about the same time.

Greek tradition claims that Homer was a tenth generation descendant of Orpheus. That would place Orpheus, and therefore his associate Musaeus, about 200 to 250 years prior to the time of Homer. Since Homer lived in the seventh century BCE, that would mean that Musaeus would have probably lived in the ninth or tenth century BCE. Hence, this would have been long after the time of Moses. Therefore, it is virtually certain that Moses was not Musaeus from Greek mythology.

Researchers have expanded the known Sidetic alphabet to 31 letters, moving the field closer to decoding one of Anatolia’s lost languages. The new findings come from active excavations at Side Ancient City in Antalya’s Manavgat district.

The work is led by Prof. Dr. Feriştah Alanyalı, excavation director and archaeologist at Anadolu University, in collaboration with Italian linguist Alfredo Rizza and Austrian linguist Michaela Zinko. Funding comes through the Culture and Tourism Ministry’s Heritage for the Future Project.

Sidetic sits within the Luwian branch of Anatolian Indo-European languages, a grouping that also includes Lycian and Carian. Decipherment has moved slowly because the surviving inscriptions are few and most span only one or two lines.

Alanyalı said that the thin body of material has made it hard to reconstruct grammar, vocabulary, and structure with any confidence.

New excavations yield longer texts and bilingual comparisons

New excavations have brought a shift. Researchers have now recovered inscriptions running as long as 30 to 40 lines, well beyond anything previously available. Bilingual texts written in both Sidetic and Greek have also come to light.

Alanyalı said that those texts have renewed optimism because matching content across two languages helps researchers assign meaning to unknown signs and connect recurring words to known concepts.

One finding in particular has drawn attention. Researchers now think the Sidetic terms “Siruawn” and “Siruawan” refer to Side itself.

Since the Greek word “Side” (Greek:Σίδη) translates to pomegranate, a fruit that featured prominently on the city’s ancient coinage, Alanyalı said that the name likely carried the same meaning in the native language.

She described this as a significant finding for understanding the city’s origins and identity.

An ancient city that held its language for centuries

Side is typically known through its Greek and Roman structures, but Alanyalı said that the city’s history runs deeper.

Ancient accounts record that settlers from the Greek city of Kyme arrived at Side and, over time, abandoned their own language in favor of the one spoken by local residents.

Alanyalı said that tradition points to a community whose culture was firmly rooted long before outside groups arrived.

That cultural foundation held even after Alexander the Great brought Greek influence into the region during the fourth century B.C.

The inscriptions show that Side’s residents continued writing in Sidetic for roughly two centuries into the Hellenistic period, with the language appearing to fade only around the late second century B.C.

Alanyalı said that the persistence of Sidetic complicates the idea that Greek culture quickly swept away what came before it.

Assyrian and Babylonian seals point to ancient eastern ties

Archaeological finds also point to Side’s connections with civilizations to the east. A Neo-Assyrian seal turned up during excavations at the site.

Separately, Italian researchers obtained a Neo-Babylonian seal from residents of the area before the Turkish War of Independence. Alanyalı said that the two objects together point to cultural ties with Mesopotamia dating back to the seventh century B.C.

A bilingual inscription tied to the city’s Serapis Temple adds another dimension. Alanyalı said that the text documents how the temple was financed, listing the names of donors and the sums each contributed, all written in Sidetic.

31 letters bring researchers closer to Anatolia’s lost language

The use of the local language for a public record of that kind confirms it was still understood and used in everyday civic life.

With the alphabet now standing at 31 known letters, up from 26, researchers working on this lost Anatolian language have a sharper set of tools.

Alanyalı said that the international team continues its work, and each newly identified letter brings the field a step closer to a fuller reading of inscriptions that Side’s people worked for generations to preserve.

The Greeks were famous in antiquity for their adventurous and curious spirit, which led to the establishment of numerous Greek colonies across the Mediterranean and beyond. Tucked away on Spain’s beautiful Costa Brava, one of these ancient Greek colonies, called Emporion, was a truly remarkable Greek settlement that thrived far from metropolitan Greece on the other side of the Mediterranean.

Emporion is an excellent example of early Greek expansion, as it became a place where Greek traders and settlers converged to establish a bastion of Greece at the far western end of the Mediterranean.

Emporion became a thriving hub that, for centuries, played a crucial role in shaping the foundations of early European exchange and people’s movements. When discussing Greek colonies, we normally focus on Asia Minor and the Italian Peninsula. However, here on the Iberian Peninsula, these ancient Greek explorers left their unique mark, proving that the ancient Greeks were, in fact, quite the adventurers.

Emporion was a Greek gem on Spanish soil

The story of Emporion started around 575 BC, when Greek seafarers from Phocaea, a Greek city in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), set their sights on the western horizon, seeking more land to expand their opportunities. These people were the same adventurous men and women who founded Massalia (today’s Marseille) on the opposite side of Emporion, on today’s Mediterranean coast of France.

Their initial settlement, the “Palaiapolis” or Old City, was cleverly positioned on a small island, now comfortably part of the mainland, due to thousands of years of land reclaiming in the broader area. We can only imagine the spectacle of Greek ships filled with exquisite pottery, fine olive oil, and the kind of wine that only ancient Greeks could produce, setting foot on Iberia.

What was different at that time was that these people weren’t just there to exchange goods and sell their produce; they were there to stay permanently, injecting Greek culture into the local populations, importing fresh ideas, and the unique “Greek spirit” into the local area.

The very name they gave to the city, “Emporion,” means “market” or “trading post” in Greek. It leaves no room for doubt about its core purpose and the reason why this settlement was named after the Greek word for trade. Emporion was intended to become a cosmopolitan crossroads, a vibrant meeting point where Greek merchants met local Iberian populations, thereby establishing a robust trade route in a wide range of goods, from precious metals to essential food supplies.

What is particularly fascinating about Emporion is the relationship that developed between the Greek colonists in the area and the local Iberian tribes, especially the Indiketes. Initially, there was a clear divide—a literal wall separated the Greek and Iberian communities, as is often the case with newly established colonies throughout history.

But as often happens, shared interests and a healthy dose of realism slowly eroded those barriers, bringing locals and settlers together. Over time, mutual benefit led them to achieve a remarkable degree of cultural exchange, resulting in a truly blended society that contributed to the development of a unique community with its own strengths and characteristics.

This community thrived through commerce and cultural exchanges. Centuries later, during the Roman era, Emporion’s strategic value became undeniable. During the tumultuous Punic Wars, Emporion became a crucial landing point for Roman legions, demonstrating its geopolitical importance. The Romans, ever efficient, established their adjacent settlement, which eventually merged with the pre-existing Greek city. The collective name, Emporiae, perfectly encapsulates this dual Greco-Roman identity and heritage, where two powerful cultures merged on one remarkable site.

Today, what truly makes Empúries a must-see is the extraordinary chance it offers to walk through both Greek and Roman streets in a single visit. It’s not every day you get to stand where an ancient agora once buzzed with philosophical debate, and just right next to it, you can envision a Roman forum alive with political drama that only the Romans could offer.

The ongoing excavations, which commenced in 1908, continue to unearth incredible treasures—from formidable city walls and elegant temples, including one dedicated to Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine (perhaps an early version of a Greek health resort), to private homes adorned with breathtaking Roman mosaics.

The next time you visit northeastern Spain and Catalonia, be sure to visit this site of ancient Greek heritage on the Iberian Peninsula. Admire what is now known as Empúries, a name closely resembling its original one.

For a more detailed description of what led to the Greek colonization of the area, read here.

The Greeks were famous in antiquity for their adventurous and curious spirit, which led to the establishment of numerous Greek colonies across the Mediterranean and beyond. Tucked away on Spain’s beautiful Costa Brava, one of these ancient Greek colonies, called Emporion, was a truly remarkable Greek settlement that thrived far from metropolitan Greece on the other side of the Mediterranean.

Emporion is an excellent example of early Greek expansion, as it became a place where Greek traders and settlers converged to establish a bastion of Greece at the far western end of the Mediterranean.

Emporion became a thriving hub that, for centuries, played a crucial role in shaping the foundations of early European exchange and people’s movements. When discussing Greek colonies, we normally focus on Asia Minor and the Italian Peninsula. However, here on the Iberian Peninsula, these ancient Greek explorers left their unique mark, proving that the ancient Greeks were, in fact, quite the adventurers.

Emporion was a Greek gem on Spanish soil

The story of Emporion started around 575 BC, when Greek seafarers from Phocaea, a Greek city in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), set their sights on the western horizon, seeking more land to expand their opportunities. These people were the same adventurous men and women who founded Massalia (today’s Marseille) on the opposite side of Emporion, on today’s Mediterranean coast of France.

Their initial settlement, the “Palaiapolis” or Old City, was cleverly positioned on a small island, now comfortably part of the mainland, due to thousands of years of land reclaiming in the broader area. We can only imagine the spectacle of Greek ships filled with exquisite pottery, fine olive oil, and the kind of wine that only ancient Greeks could produce, setting foot on Iberia.

What was different at that time was that these people weren’t just there to exchange goods and sell their produce; they were there to stay permanently, injecting Greek culture into the local populations, importing fresh ideas, and the unique “Greek spirit” into the local area.

The very name they gave to the city, “Emporion,” means “market” or “trading post” in Greek. It leaves no room for doubt about its core purpose and the reason why this settlement was named after the Greek word for trade. Emporion was intended to become a cosmopolitan crossroads, a vibrant meeting point where Greek merchants met local Iberian populations, thereby establishing a robust trade route in a wide range of goods, from precious metals to essential food supplies.

What is particularly fascinating about Emporion is the relationship that developed between the Greek colonists in the area and the local Iberian tribes, especially the Indiketes. Initially, there was a clear divide—a literal wall separated the Greek and Iberian communities, as is often the case with newly established colonies throughout history.

But as often happens, shared interests and a healthy dose of realism slowly eroded those barriers, bringing locals and settlers together. Over time, mutual benefit led them to achieve a remarkable degree of cultural exchange, resulting in a truly blended society that contributed to the development of a unique community with its own strengths and characteristics.

This community thrived through commerce and cultural exchanges. Centuries later, during the Roman era, Emporion’s strategic value became undeniable. During the tumultuous Punic Wars, Emporion became a crucial landing point for Roman legions, demonstrating its geopolitical importance. The Romans, ever efficient, established their adjacent settlement, which eventually merged with the pre-existing Greek city. The collective name, Emporiae, perfectly encapsulates this dual Greco-Roman identity and heritage, where two powerful cultures merged on one remarkable site.

Today, what truly makes Empúries a must-see is the extraordinary chance it offers to walk through both Greek and Roman streets in a single visit. It’s not every day you get to stand where an ancient agora once buzzed with philosophical debate, and just right next to it, you can envision a Roman forum alive with political drama that only the Romans could offer.

The ongoing excavations, which commenced in 1908, continue to unearth incredible treasures—from formidable city walls and elegant temples, including one dedicated to Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine (perhaps an early version of a Greek health resort), to private homes adorned with breathtaking Roman mosaics.

The next time you visit northeastern Spain and Catalonia, be sure to visit this site of ancient Greek heritage on the Iberian Peninsula. Admire what is now known as Empúries, a name closely resembling its original one.

For a more detailed description of what led to the Greek colonization of the area, read here.

The invasion of the Byzantine Empire by the Normans is a fascinating chapter of Roman history that is often overlooked.

Imagine descendants of Viking raiders, now known as Normans after settling in northern France, setting their sights on southeastern Europe and threatening the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Eager to expand their influence beyond their French territories, these ambitious warriors turned their attention to the wealthy Byzantine lands. What followed was a century-long struggle that would fundamentally reshape the balance of power in medieval Europe.

The beginning of the story between the Normans and the Byzantine Empire

The first signs of trouble appeared around AD 1017, when small groups of Norman knights began turning their attention toward southern Italy, initially in search of mercenary work. The Byzantines, who still controlled significant territories on the Italian peninsula, believed these foreign fighters could prove useful in defending their holdings. After all, they needed additional manpower to deal with local rebellions as well as the frequent Arab raids originating from Sicily.

What the Byzantine administration failed to grasp early on was that the Normans came from a culture that placed extraordinary value on land acquisition above almost everything else. In Normandy, in northern France, younger sons were often left landless due to inheritance laws that favored the eldest child. Southern Italy, with its patchwork of competing communities and loosely defined borders, therefore looked like an ideal opportunity for expansion.

The Byzantines would learn this lesson the hard way. Within a few decades of their arrival, the Normans—initially seen as hired help—had begun establishing permanent bases across the region. Although Norman groups often fought one another in the early years, a more unified front gradually emerged. They would accept Byzantine payment for military service, only to use their positions to seize territory for themselves and steadily challenge Byzantine authority throughout the region.

The rise of Robert Guiscard

A man who would play a crucial role in what followed was Robert de Hauteville, better known as Robert Guiscard, “the Cunning.” This Norman was not the eldest son nor was he especially wealthy, and he was certainly not expected to carve out lands and establish his own realm. Nonetheless, he did so anyway.

Guiscard arrived in southern Italy around AD 1047 and immediately set about strengthening and consolidating Norman power. He possessed an almost uncanny ability to turn enemies into allies and allies into subjects. Through a combination of strategic marriages—a common practice at the time—military strength, and sheer boldness (which others might have called recklessness), he gradually unified the fragmented Norman factions under his leadership.

It would take until AD 1071 for Byzantine Italy to finally collapse. Guiscard captured Bari, the last major Byzantine stronghold on the Italian peninsula. For the Byzantines, the loss was deeply symbolic. For more than five centuries, the Eastern Roman Empire had maintained a presence in Italy, a living link to the legacy of the Western Roman Empire and the origins of the Roman world itself. That connection was now severed by a band of opportunistic outsiders.

Norman aggression against Constantinople

The conquest of southern Italy was only the beginning for the Normans. Robert Guiscard’s ambitions extended far beyond the Italian peninsula. His ultimate goal was Constantinople itself. In AD 1081, he launched what can only be described as one of the most audacious military campaigns of the Middle Ages.

The plan was bold in scope. Guiscard intended to cross the Adriatic Sea, establish a beachhead in what is now Albania, and then march overland toward the Byzantine capital through northern Greece. His first objective was Dyrrhachium, the critical fortress controlling access to the main route into the Greek mainland.

Emperor Alexios I Komnenos suddenly found himself confronting a nightmare scenario. The Normans had already demonstrated their ability to seize and hold territory, and now they were effectively at his doorstep, threatening the survival of the Byzantine Empire itself. To make matters worse, his army was a patchwork force of mercenaries, including (ironically) Anglo-Saxon refugees who had fled the Norman conquest of England.

The Battle of Dyrrhachium in October AD 1081 proved disastrous for the Byzantines. Guiscard’s tactical skill, combined with his son Bohemond’s aggressive cavalry charges, shattered the imperial army. The road to Constantinople lay open, and for a brief moment, it seemed as though the thousand-year-old Eastern Roman Empire might actually fall to these descendants of Viking raiders.

Desperate measures and unlikely alliances

Alexios I was many things, but he was not a man to surrender easily. Faced with the possibility of total collapse, he executed one of the most impressive diplomatic maneuvers of the medieval world. First, he effectively bribed the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV to attack Norman territories in Italy, forcing Guiscard to divide his attention across two fronts. Then, in a move that would have lasting consequences, he granted extensive trading privileges to Venice in exchange for naval support against the Normans.

These concessions were enormous for an empire like Byzantium. The commercial rights awarded to Venice would eventually help transform the city-state into one of the wealthiest powers in Europe, often at Byzantium’s own expense. However, in AD 1082, Alexios was fighting for survival, and generosity was not a choice but a necessity.

The strategy worked—but only just. Guiscard was compelled to return to Italy to confront the German intervention, leaving Bohemond to continue the eastern campaign against Constantinople. What followed was several years of brutal mountain warfare across the Balkans, with neither side able to secure a decisive victory and both remaining locked in a tense stalemate.

The long shadow of conflict and the Byzantine Empire attack by the Normans

Although Robert Guiscard’s ambition to destroy the Byzantine Empire ultimately failed, the Norman-Byzantine conflict did not end with his death in AD 1085. A few years later, Bohemond attempted to revive the campaign in AD 1107, launching another invasion that also ended in failure. The final (and perhaps most devastating) Norman assault came in AD 1185, when a joint Norman-Sicilian force captured and sacked Thessaloniki, the empire’s second-largest city.

The events in Thessaloniki were brutal. Contemporary sources describe widespread slaughter of civilians and the systematic destruction of the city. The scale of devastation shocked even medieval observers, who were accustomed to the violence of war. For the Byzantines, the psychological impact was profound. It demonstrated that no part of the empire was truly safe from Norman ambition, as even its greatest cities could fall to such overwhelming force.

The Norman campaigns against Byzantium had consequences that extended far beyond Thessaloniki. They helped establish a powerful Catholic kingdom in southern Italy that would remain a persistent rival to the Byzantine Empire for centuries. More importantly, they drained Byzantine resources at a time when the empire was increasingly pressured by Turkish advances in the east.

The prolonged conflict also deepened the divide between the Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic worlds, turning former Christian counterparts into bitter adversaries. The Normans saw themselves as champions of Latin Christendom, while the Byzantines regarded them as little more than barbarian raiders. This growing hostility would ultimately culminate in the Fourth Crusade, when Crusader forces turned against Constantinople itself and sacked the city.

Even today, traces of this once-forgotten conflict remain scattered across the Mediterranean. Norman castles still stand along the coastlines of southern Italy and Sicily.

The wild boar was a significant animal in Ancient Greece, appearing in their mythology, religious traditions, and daily life. It was a respected and feared creature, valued both as a worthy hunting challenge and as a prized source of food.

The wild boar held a prominent place in Greek mythology, symbolizing immense strength, ferocity, and the untamed nature of the world. Heroes were often defined by their ability to confront and conquer these beasts.

The Calydonian Boar was one of the most famous creatures of Ancient Greek lore. The goddess Artemis sent this gigantic boar to ravage the lands of Calydon as punishment for the king’s neglect of her. This provoked a great hunt that drew the most celebrated heroes of the age, including the hero Meleager and the huntress Atalanta, highlighting the animal’s status as an epic adversary.

As part of his legendary labors, the hero Heracles was tasked with capturing this ferocious Erymanthian Boar, which was terrorizing the region of Mount Erymanthos. Heracles had to use his cunning and strength to chase the beast into deep snow and trap it alive. The depiction of this feat was a favorite subject in ancient vase painting and sculpture.

These myths show that the boar was not merely an animal. It was a metaphorical challenge to human civilization, a representation of untamed nature that only the greatest heroes could overcome.

The wild boar in daily life and hunting in Ancient Greece

Hunting was a crucial activity in Ancient Greece, serving as a rite of passage for young men and a demonstration of courage and skill. The wild boar hunt was one of the most dangerous pursuits.

Hunters typically used spears, javelins, and a pack of trained hunting dogs to corner the animal. Confronting a wild boar was a high-risk activity due to its powerful tusks and aggressive nature when cornered. The hunters’ bravery and strategy were highly respected.

The meat was a highly valued delicacy. It was associated with rich meals and was a staple at religious festivals and banquets. The meat was often roasted, and its fat was used to enhance the flavor of other dishes. It could also be preserved through salting or smoking, ensuring it could be enjoyed year-round.

The Ancient Greek writer Xenophon, in his work Cynegeticus (On Hunting), provided a detailed guide to hunting techniques, emphasizing their role in the education and lifestyle of aristocratic youth. He believed that the discipline and courage required for the hunt were essential for a well-rounded citizen.

Historians and philosophers on the wild boar

Other ancient historians and philosophers also speak of the wild boar, though their perspectives often differ from the more mythological and heroic focus. They were interested in the animal from a more practical and scientific standpoint.

Aristotle mentioned the wild boar in his work History of Animals. He focused on its physical characteristics and behavior, including its ferocity and its place within the animal kingdom. Aristotle was interested in classifying animals and understanding their relationships, and the wild boar was part of this broader biological inquiry.

Plato used the pig, and by extension the boar, as an example but not always in a positive light. In the Republic, for instance, he discusses a “city of pigs” to describe a society that only seeks basic, low-level pleasures, contrasting it with a more refined, ideal city. This shows how the animal was also used as a symbol for a simple or primitive way of life.

Beyond philosophy, the wild boar appears in the works of various other ancient writers, often in the context of history, geography, and mythography. Homer’s epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, feature wild boar hunts. The most famous example is the scar on Odysseus‘s leg, which he received during a boar hunt in his youth, a detail that reveals his identity to his old nurse. This highlights the hunt’s role as a formative event and a mark of a man’s courage.

The Greek geographer and travel writer Pausanias mentioned the Calydonian Boar in his Description of Greece. He notes that he saw the boar’s hide and tusks in a temple, providing a quasi-historical reference to a mythical event, which shows how deeply these stories were believed and integrated into Greek cultural life.

The boar in Ancient Greece represented not only the “invincible enemy” but also a raw, primal force of nature that humans strove to master. Its resilience and strength also made it a symbol of fertility and endurance in certain regional traditions.

Turkey’s Ministry of National Defense has condemned a new defense agreement between Cyprus and France, warning that it could destabilize the Eastern Mediterranean and threaten regional security.

The move came after Cyprus and France signed a Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), which strengthens defense cooperation between the two countries and allows for the conditional deployment of French military personnel and assets on the island nation.

Following a ministry press briefing, Rear Admiral Zeki Aktürk, Press and Public Relations Advisor and Spokesperson for Turkey’s Ministry of National Defense, said Ankara was closely monitoring what it described as a provocative move that could escalate tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Turkey objected to the agreement by arguing that France has no guarantor role in Cyprus. Ankara also claimed that the deal disregards the will and sovereign equal rights of Turkish Cypriots and seeks to unilaterally alter the delicate balance on the island.

Cyprus and France agreement challenges balance, Turkey claims

According to the Turkish Ministry of National Defense, the agreement signed between France and the Republic of Cyprus is contrary to the 1960 Cyprus Agreements and international law.

Aktürk warned that actions of this kind, which, according to Turkey, lack legitimacy and have not been carefully reviewed, could have dangerous consequences for the southern part of the island. Furthermore, any military alliance in the region that disregards the balance in Cyprus and targets the rights and interests of Turkey and the Turkish Cypriots would not succeed against Turkey, he proclaimed.

“As a guarantor country, we will continue to protect the rights and interests and ensure the security of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, as we have done in the past and as we do today,” Aktürk maintained. He added that the Turkish Armed Forces have both the power and will to respond to the appropriate degree and in the most efficient way possible to any hostile stance which Ankara believes could pose a threat to the security of Turkish Cypriots.

Millî Savunma Bakanlığı Haftalık Basın Bilgilendirme Toplantısı, Denizkurdu-II Tatbikatı’nın Seçkin Gözlemci Günü dolayısıyla Akdeniz açıklarındaki TCG Anadolu’da gerçekleştirildi.

Millî Savunma Bakanlığı Basın ve Halkla İlişkiler Müşaviri ve Bakanlık Sözcüsü Tuğamiral Zeki… pic.twitter.com/whGFkfYCLD

— T.C. Millî Savunma Bakanlığı (@tcsavunma) June 11, 2026

Cyprus and France sign SOFA in Nicosia

The agreement was signed in Nicosia on Monday by Cypriot Defense Minister Vasilis Palmas and French Defense Minister Catherine Vautrin, who met on the sidelines of the informal meeting of European Union defense ministers, hosted by Cyprus. The SOFA had been discussed during French President Emmanuel Macron’s visit to Nicosia on April 23 and was later negotiated between the two governments.

It provides a legal framework for the presence of French military forces in Cyprus and also allows French military assets to be deployed in the southern part of the island under specific conditions, particularly in support of activities in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East.

Agreement expands France-Cyprus defense cooperation

Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides announced that the agreement has entered into force, reportedly granting France access to military bases and infrastructure in Cyprus.

The deal is also said to include provisions for the sharing of military technology, the conduct of joint exercises, and the establishment of a strategic dialogue framework between Cyprus and France.

WhatsApp founder Jan Koum’s superyacht, Moonrise, has been spotted off Mykonos, drawing attention to the waters around one of Greece’s busiest summer destinations.

The nearly 100-meter (328-ft) vessel belongs to Koum, the Ukrainian-born American billionaire who co-founded WhatsApp. Its presence off Mykonos adds to the island’s long record of attracting large private yachts during the summer season.

Feadship delivered Moonrise superyacht in 2020

Moonrise was built by the Dutch shipyard Feadship and delivered in 2020. The yacht is among the largest vessels produced by the shipbuilder.

At the time of its launch, Feadship said Moonrise was the largest superyacht ever built in the Netherlands by waterline length. The vessel has a gray hull, long horizontal windows, a vertical bow, and a multi-deck exterior design.

WhatsApp founder Jan Koum and the Moonrise superyacht

Koum became one of the most renowned technology entrepreneurs after co-founding WhatsApp. Facebook, now Meta, acquired the messaging app in 2014 in a deal valued at about $19 billion to $22 billion, depending on the calculation.

Koum, now 50, remains among the wealthiest figures in the technology sector, with his fortune estimated at roughly $17 billion. Earlier yacht market estimates placed the value of Moonrise at around $220 million. More recently, Burgess listed the yacht for sale at €325 million ($380 million).

Inside the WhatsApp founder’s superyacht seen off  Mykonos

Moonrise can accommodate up to sixteen guests in eight cabins, while thirty-two crew members handle operations and service on board. The yacht includes a private owner’s deck, movie theater, gym, massage area, hair salon, sundeck, and outdoor guest areas. It also features a beach club, a swimming platform, tenders, water sports equipment, and a helipad.

Feadship designed the superyacht with a focus on reducing noise and vibration. Its engineers worked on the propeller, stabilizers, and anchoring system to limit sound and movement while the yacht operates or remains anchored.

Two MTU engines power the vessel. Moonrise reaches a top speed of 18.5 knots, while specialist yacht listings place its cruising speed at around 16 knots. Moonrise received international recognition in 2021, when it won at the BOAT International World Superyacht Awards in the category Displacement Motor Yachts 3,000GT and Above.

Thick black smoke is billowing over the port of Paxos after a fire completely engulfed a tourist vessel before spreading to a second boat docked nearby. Fortunately, all passengers had disembarked before the outbreak. The cause of the fire remains unknown.

The incident began around 1:00 PM on Thursday at the New Passenger Terminal in Gaios, Paxos.

According to local reports from kerkyrasimera.gr and corfutvnews, the blaze began on a day-boat that operates tourist cruises, quickly spreading out of control due to unknown causes. Fueled by flammable materials onboard, the flames rapidly jumped to a neighboring vessel.

Reports indicate that the passengers, who had just completed a popular daily excursion from Parga to Paxos, had safely stepped off the vessel just moments before the fire broke out.

The Hellenic Coast Guard confirmed that the fire involved two commercial tourist vessels and that no passengers were onboard at the time of the incident. Fire service vehicles, an ambulance and a tugboat have been deployed at the port.

The Parga-Paxos route is one of the single most popular day-trip cruises in the entire Ionian Sea. During the summer season, it is a massive staple of the local tourism economy, drawing thousands of international and domestic visitors every week.

Related: Netflix’s “Maestro in Blue” Island, Paxos, Leads a Growing Push for Tourist Fees

Cape Tainaro (also known as Cape Matapan) is the southernmost point of mainland Greece and the Balkan Peninsula, located at the tip of the Mani Peninsula. It’s a place of rugged beauty, characterized by dramatic cliffs, a wild landscape, and the convergence of the Messenian and Laconian Gulfs.

Tainaro has been important for thousands of years, serving as a maritime crossroads and a place of worship. Today, a lighthouse stands at its very tip, and scattered ruins of ancient settlements and temples can still be found there.

The lighthouse that stands guard in Tainaro is considered one of the most imposing in all of Greece. It is a construction of French technicians, built of stone on a plateau on the natural rocks of the cape, with a height of about 52 feet (16 meters). It began operating in 1887 and was renovated in 1930.

In 1984, an automatic lighting machine was installed there, and the lighthouse was abandoned by its last guardians. The building was restored in 2008 and has since been guarded by Navy personnel. Every third Sunday in August, public access is free as part of World Lighthouse Day.

Cape Tainaro: Gateway to the Underworld (Hades)

Ancient Greeks believed that a cave at the cape’s edge, often referred to as the “Gates of Hades” or “mouth of Taenarum,” was a direct entrance to the Underworld, the realm of the dead, ruled by the god Hades. This mythical entrance was said to be guarded by Cerberus, the monstrous three-headed hound with a serpent’s tail who prevented the dead from escaping and the living from entering.

One of the most famous myths connected to Tainaro is that of Heracles (Hercules). As his twelfth labor, he descended into the Underworld through this cave to capture and bring Cerberus to Eurystheus. The legendary musician Orpheus also used this passage to descend into Hades in his attempt to bring his beloved wife, Eurydice, back to the world of the living.

By some accounts, the sculpted canal on the east side of Porto Sternes was the path taken by the souls of the dead, ferried by Charon, the grim boatman of the Underworld.

Cape Tainaro: Sanctuary dedicated to Poseidon

Cape Tainaro was home to a sanctuary dedicated to Poseidon, the god of the sea. Poseidon was worshiped under various epithets, including “Poseidon Tainarios,” as the god who controlled both the seas and earthquakes.

The temple served as a place of inviolable asylum, offering refuge to criminals and even escaped slaves. A story was recounted by Thucydides about the Spartans violating this asylum by killing helots (agrarian slaves) who had taken refuge there, an act believed to have brought divine retribution in the form of an earthquake.

The site also functioned as a “necromanteion,” or Oracle of the Dead, where Ancient Greeks would perform rituals to communicate with the spirits of their deceased ancestors, seeking guidance or prophecy.

A celebrated bronze statue of the poet and singer Arion, seated on a dolphin, was a prominent dedicatory offering at the temple of Poseidon. It honors the myth of Arion, who was rescued by a dolphin after being cast into the sea by pirates and brought safely to Cape Tainaron.

In medieval times, Tainaro became a notorious pirate base—with merchant ships carefully avoiding it—and during World War II, the Battle of Tainaro (March 1941) was fought off the coast between the British and Italian fleets.

Getting to Tainaro

The only way to get to Tainaro is by hiking along a path that many consider to be the most interesting of the “inner” Mani. It is accessible to all with no significant altitude differences and has a total length of about 1.4 miles. Starting from the village of Kokkinogia, it’ll probably take around fifty minutes to get to the lighthouse.

You will find the village of Kokkinogia at the end of the Areopolis-Tainaro road. The marked dirt path begins at the church of Agioi Asomatoi and passes by the beach of Aria, where you can see a Roman mosaic. The surrounding landscape is typical of Mani: thorn bushes, thyme, low vegetation, flint stones, and no shade—so be sure to wear a hat, apply sunscreen, and bring plenty of water. The views along the way to Tainaro will make it all worthwhile.

Schools are about to close for summer in Greece! But did you know that if you’re a child who goes to school in Greece, you’re likely enjoying a much longer break than your peers in other parts of Europe?

Schoolchildren in Greece have some of the most generous summer breaks on the continent. These summer breaks typically stretch from mid-June (normally around the 15th of June in elementary schools) to the 11th of September, for a leisurely 12 to 14 weeks of fun in the sun.

So why do Greek children and teenagers get such an extended break compared to their neighbors in central and northern Europe? Well, it turns out there are a few key reasons for this.

The long summer breaks of Greece

Historically, the long summer break period in Greece was meant to allow children to help out with agricultural work during the busiest farming months. These traditions go back in time hundreds of years. We should never forget that, particularly in the past, the majority of Greek families were involved in farming and food production. Thus, it made sense for them to give children a break to pitch in during the peak season out in the fields.

Another main reason for the extended summer breaks is Greece’s sweltering summer climate. With temperatures soaring into the 40s Celsius in June, July, and August, it’s simply too hot to expect children (or teachers!) to concentrate and focus on their learning in stuffy classrooms under the extreme heat of the Greek summers. An extended break during the dog days of summer is a practical necessity for them all and is not only a Greek tradition.

On top of this all, we also have the Greek Orthodox calendar which plays a role. With many important religious holidays peppered throughout the year, a longer summer break helps balance out the school schedule for teachers to ensure that all students still get a proper all-rounded education.

The rest of Europe

But how does the Greek summer break compare to that of other European countries? On average, most European students enjoy a slightly shorter 10 to 12-week holiday. However, there’s significant variation between not only individual countries but also regions within the same country.

Southern European countries such as Italy, Spain, and Portugal follow very similar patterns to that of Greece. These Mediterranean and southern European nations embrace a long summer with breaks often exceeding 12 weeks. It must be all that sunshine, anyway!

Meanwhile, Scandinavian countries, Germany, the UK, and Ireland keep things much more studious with a modest average of a 6-week summer break. Ex-Soviet countries of Eastern Europe, such as Poland and Romania, fall somewhere in the middle with 8 to 10 weeks of summer fun for our little friends.

Interestingly, the UK and Ireland—two countries notoriously known for their less than balmy summers—also have relatively short six to seven-week breaks. Perhaps the British dedication to academics trumps the desire for a prolonged escape from the classroom, one might say. Others would argue that since the weather in this part of Europe is so often miserable and grey, there is not great motivation to get out of the classroom anyway!

On a more serious note, however, there are experts who argue that longer summer breaks can lead to “learning loss.” This could be particularly true in cases in which students forget key academic skills and knowledge during these extended breaks as a result of their losing contact with their schools. Countries with shorter summers tend to spread out breaks more evenly throughout the year. This may support more efficient and continuous learning. In England, for example, children normally get six weeks of summer break, three weeks of half-term breaks (one week at a time), two weeks for Christmas, and two more weeks for Easter.

However, research shows that the quality of instruction and total teaching hours matter more than the exact length of the summer holiday and the period that this is offered. Hence, while Greek students may indeed spend more days on the beach, as long as they put in the work during the school year in its entirety, they’ll still come out ahead.

At the end of the day, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to the education of our children, especially when it comes to structuring the school year. Nonetheless, students in Greece and other southern European countries have a long tradition of enjoying a long summer break, as it is a beloved and cherished tradition that’s here to stay. It is, after all, a tradition embedded within the cultures of these nations. Really, who can even argue against more time soaking up the Mediterranean sun?

Thus, as the final bells rang and Greek children left school for their three-month adventure, they felt lucky to live in a country that prioritizes a healthy balance of work and play. School may be out, but the learning never stops—whether it’s through travel, spending time with family and friends, or simply relaxing and recharging one’s batteries. Lastly, when September rolls around, kids will be ready to once again walk the school hallways they left behind this June.

Greece is world-renowned for its beaches and postcard-perfect coastlines, but beneath those beautiful, turquoise waters lies danger. When heavy weather conditions strike, a select few of the country’s most popular, breathtaking tourist destinations can instantly transform from an idyllic paradise into a severe survival hazard.

According to safety insights compiled by the Panhellenic Union of Merchant Marine Sailors (PENEN), navigating these stunning but unpredictable waters requires extreme caution.

The 12 most dangerous beaches in Greece

1. Lalaria – Skiathos

“Lalaria” refers to the smooth white pebbles sculpted over millennia by the Aegean waves. Lalaria is a beach of indescribable beauty on Skiathos, famous for its turquoise waters, blindingly white shoreline, and the majestic stone arch of Tripia Petra rooted in the seabed.

However, Lalaria conceals hidden dangers. The coast is accessible strictly by sea. More importantly, when strong northerly winds blow, waves can reach several meters high, generating a violent, dangerous undertow (antimamalo or clapotis wave reflection) that poses a severe threat to both swimmers and small boats.

2. Matala – Southern Crete

When the scorching Livas (the hot southwesterly wind) sweeps through southern Crete, the shoreline of Matala—the iconic former haven of the 1960s “flower children”—turns stark white with crashing foam. Swings in the weather make swimming completely prohibitive.

The sea routinely breaches the shoreline, rushing past the sunbeds. Lifeguards blow their whistles continuously to signal extreme danger to anyone daring to dive. While reckless thrill-seekers often grab inflatable mattresses to play sea adventurers, the physical terrain is ruthless. The coast features an incredibly abrupt drop-off into deep water. Combined with massive waves, the undercurrent will pull anyone but an Olympic swimmer out into the open sea—where you would be lucky to finally wash ashore in Libya. Local lifeguards continuously flag this beach as hazardous, a risk that similarly applies to the nearby beach of Agios Pavlos in Rethymno.

3. Nas – Ikaria

Located in northern Ikaria, Nas is arguably the single most dangerous beach in Greece. It is the only beach in the country fitted with a permanent safety rope anchored into the rocks. This rope exists so brave swimmers can cling to it to avoid being violently swept out into the open sea or smashed against the jagged cliffs by aggressive rip currents. Nas remains highly popular among nudists and free campers. Access involves leaving your vehicle on the main Agios Kirykos–Armenistis road, hiking down a steep cliffside path of stone steps to a riverbed, and traversing the final stretch through the water or over the rocks.

4. Chorefto – Pelion

Chorefto beach in Pelion is world-famous and heavily visited, but it requires extreme caution. As one visitor noted on social media: “It is a gorgeous, sprawling beach, but as you approach the shoreline, the sand turns into jagged stones. When the wind picks up, swimming is virtually impossible. The heavy currents and crashing waves literally ‘dig up’ the seabed, causing the shoreline to drop off precipitously right in front of you.” Chorefto is a beach where, the moment a northern gale strikes, you need to run. The sheer force of the waves and currents will make you “dance” (Chorefto literally translating to dancer) to the frantic rhythm of the wind.

5. Myrtos – Kefalonia

 

 

While internationally celebrated as one of the most beautiful beaches in the world, Myrtos is equally famous among marine experts for its deceptive treachery. Tucked between the feet of two mountains, the beach faces the open Ionian Sea, making it a magnet for fierce winds.

The shoreline features an immediate, precipitous drop-off just a few steps into the water. Because of this unique underwater topography, strong winds create massive, violent waves and a punishing undercurrent. Swimmers who get knocked off their feet by the crashing shoreline waves are frequently dragged into deep water, making it incredibly difficult to swim back to the pebbled shore.

6. Platia Ammos – Kefalonia

While Myrtos beach typically dominates international travel sites as one of Europe’s finest, Kefalonia hides another beach that rivals its beauty but demands expert hiking skills. Platia Ammos is tucked deep within a bay past the Kipouria Monastery, surrounded by sheer, imposing cliffs.

While its deep blue waters are pristine, accessing them used to require climbing down (and back up) over 400 stone steps under a relentless sun. However, severe weather in 2014 collapsed a large portion of the staircase, raising the difficulty level to an extreme “Rambo” mission. If the sea turns rough here, you will find yourself scrambling desperately up the rock face like a mountain goat, wishing you had stayed on a safer beach.

7. Kalami – Kythira

The trek from the village of Mylopotamos to the remote beach of Kalami involves navigating slippery, steep, and highly dangerous cliffs. In several spots, reaching the next foothold requires a literal leap into the void over a drop-off. While the final destination is a stunning reward, the journey is a small Odyssey. Anyone without proper hiking gear, physical conditioning, or nerves of steel is highly advised to stay safely beneath the plane trees by the nearby Fonissa (Killer) Waterfall and leave the photos to the professionals.

8. Paradise Beach – Kos

Located on the southern coast of Kos, this beach looks like a calm, shallow haven perfect for families. However, its danger doesn’t come from towering waves or steep cliffs, but rather from a unique volcanic phenomenon occurring beneath the seabed.

Due to the active volcanic network tied to the nearby island of Nisyros, Paradise Beach emits cold volcanic gases from the seafloor, earning it the nickname “Bubble Beach.” While tourists enjoy swimming through the natural bubbles, these underwater thermal currents can cause sudden, extreme temperature drops in the water. Furthermore, the localized release of volcanic gases can occasionally cause dizziness or sudden fatigue for swimmers who linger too long over the vent areas.

9. Anthony Quinn Bay – Rhodes

Named after the famous Hollywood actor who fell in love with the spot while filming The Guns of Navarone, this emerald-water bay is an aesthetic masterpiece. However, its natural geology requires extreme physical caution.

The entire bay—both on the shore and underwater—is a minefield of sharp, jagged rocks and slick, algae-covered reefs. The main hazard here is orthopedic and physical injury; every year, numerous tourists suffer severe cuts, slips, and fractures while attempting to climb over the rocks to enter the deep water. Additionally, the rocky crevices are a prime habitat for sea urchins, meaning a misplaced step can easily cut a vacation short.

10. Kolymbithres – Tinos

Famous for its otherworldly landscape, Kolymbithres features smooth, gray granite rock formations sculpted by centuries of wind and water, creating a series of tiny, sandy enclaves.

Positioned on the northern coast of Tinos—an island famous for its relentless Aegean winds—this beach bears the full brunt of the Meltemi (the fierce summer north winds). When the gales hit, the wind funnels through the granite rock formations with extreme velocity. This creates chaotic, swirling wave patterns and sudden, unpredictable cross-currents within the narrow rocky channels, easily trapping swimmers against the hard granite walls.

11. Kathisma – Lefkada

Kathisma is a sprawling, cosmopolitan paradise on the western coast of Lefkada, famous for its vibrant beach bars and water that looks almost artificially turquoise. However, its beauty masks a lethal combination of open-ocean geography and violent underwater mechanics.
Because Kathisma faces the completely open Ionian Sea with no natural bays or reefs to break the water’s momentum, it bears the full, unbridled force of western winds. When a storm or heavy wind hits, it generates towering, closely packed waves that smash violently into the shore. More importantly, the shifting tide creates a phenomenon known to locals as “sand-shaving.”

The heavy surf literally hollows out the seabed beneath your feet, causing the shoreline to drop off vertically into deep water just a step from the dry sand. This creates an incredibly powerful, vacuum-like undertow. Swimmers who get knocked off their feet by a wave are immediately sucked into deep water, making it nearly impossible to struggle back onto the slick, collapsing shoreline. Lifeguards here routinely change their flags to red, but many tourists fail to realize that even wading knee-deep in Kathisma’s rough surf can prove fatal.

12. Navagio Beach (Shipwreck Beach) – Zakynthos

Navagio is a global bucket-list destination, defined by the stark contrast of a rusted freighter marooned on a strip of white sand, surrounded by brilliant turquoise water and 200-meter-tall vertical cliffs. However, this paradise is so inherently hazardous that it is the only beach on this list that is completely closed to the public by ministerial decree.

Navagio is plagued by two lethal threats: severe seismic instability and unpredictable marine currents. Tucked beneath towering, sheer limestone walls, the beach is highly prone to sudden, massive rockfalls. Following a terrifying 2018 landslide that capsized tourist boats and a 2022 earthquake that brought tons of rock crashing onto the sand, geologists declared the beach a permanent hazard zone. Furthermore, because the bay faces the open sea, sudden, violent swells can trap boats against the cliffs or create chaotic cross-currents. Today, tourists are strictly prohibited from walking on the beach or swimming in the bay; you can only view this beautiful but perilous marvel from a safe distance aboard a boat or from a designated cliffside viewing platform high above.

Ancient Greeks were big believers in aphrodisiacs and ancient love potions and used a variety of fruits, herbs, and other foods in their concoctions. The word “aphrodisiac” itself comes from the ancient Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite.

Those looking to harness the power of ancient Greek love potions don’t need to go on a quest to hunt down obscure ingredients. In fact, six of the most common Greek aphrodisiacs that have been used throughout the centuries can still be found today at your local supermarket.

Natural foods considered aphrodisiacs in Ancient Greece

1. Pomegranates

Pomegranates have long been lauded for their nutritional properties, as they include many nutrients and antioxidants.

Even back in Ancient Greece, the pomegranate fruit was considered nutritious, and it was also believed, in both ancient times and today, that the juice contains aphrodisiac properties.

The link between pomegranates and sexuality may come from the fact that Aphrodite herself is credited with planting the first ever pomegranate tree in Greek mythology.

2. Truffles

Dating as far back as the 1st century AD, this fungus found its way into the limelight as an aphrodisiac.

It is believed that truffles came into existence as a result of the combined action of water, heat, and the power of the god Zeus himself, as Zeus hurled a thunderbolt to Earth which landed close to an oak tree, producing the truffle.

The ancient Greek physician Galen claimed that the truffle, apart from imparting delicious flavor to any dish, can increase sexual prowess.

3. Figs

Figs belong to the category of the most nutritious fruits while at the same time they have at least nine recognized medicinal qualities. Along with grapes, figs were known to be one of the favorite fruit of Ancient Greeks.

Figs are rich in vitamins A, B1, and B2 and minerals such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, and potassium among others. They are recognized as being good for our health for their many proven medicinal qualities.

The ancient Greeks linked figs to sexuality, possibly because the shape of the fruit resembles the shape of female genitalia.

4. Leeks

Similarly, leeks were probably considered an aphrodisiac in Ancient Greece because of their phallic shape.

In ancient Greece, leeks were eaten raw and whole or cooked. They provide tons of flavor to any meal.

Nowadays, people still believe that leeks are an aphrodisiac, as they are in the same family as onions and garlic, which have similar properties.

5. Garlic

At some point in time, people stopped believing that garlic was toxic and started consuming it to prevent illness and congestion, and of course, just because it is delicious.

In ancient Greece, people ate garlic nearly everyday. People began to believe that the spiciness of raw garlic made it a natural aphrodisiac.

Try making the Greek dish skordalia, and you’ll be sure to eat a considerable amount of garlic. It is a mixture of garlic and purée of potatoes, walnuts, almonds, or milk-soaked stale bread.

6. Legumes

Hippocrates, the father of medicine, prescribed legumes, such as lentils, as an essential part of the menu for men hoping to maintain their virility.

Hippocrates advised a variety of legumes to be consumed by the bowlful to those struggling with sexual dysfunction.

Lastly, the Greek philosopher Aristotle was a believer in the notion that lentils with the addition of saffron were essential in maintaining a man’s libido active and in top shape.

As the 2026 FIFA World Cup officially kicks off across North America, a long-standing question resurfaces on the global stage: Do Americans actually care about soccer?

While traditional sports still rule the airwaves, a massive generational and demographic shift is actively rewriting the American sports landscape.

Generational and ethnic shift for soccer

Historically, soccer in the United States has struggled to compete with the domestic dominance of the NFL, NBA, and Major League Baseball. That skepticism persists among older demographics. According to a new Pew Research Center survey, 66% of American adults state they are “not too” or “not at all” likely to follow the tournament. Broadly speaking, a separate YouGov poll confirms that 54% of the overall adult population maintains zero interest in the sport. For a large share of traditional sports fans over fifty, the tournament remains an afterthought.

However, statistics show that there is a soccer boom among younger individuals. The game is rapidly becoming the sport of choice for the next generation of American consumers. YouGov data reveals that an average of 23% of Americans aged 18 to 34 now identify as avid soccer viewers. More telling is the fact that over 56% of all active soccer fans in the United States are currently under the age of 35.

This generational momentum is heavily reinforced by cultural shifts. Comprehensive market data from Numerator indicates that enthusiasm for this year’s tournament is highest among multicultural communities, with 54% of Hispanic Americans and 51% of Asian Americans planning to actively tune in to the month-long event.

Furthermore, the reality of the United States co-hosting the expanded 48-team tournament alongside Canada and Mexico has created a “host nation surge.” Overall consumer intent to watch has nearly doubled compared to the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, with 32% of all US citizens now planning to watch the matches. This enthusiasm is heavily concentrated around the eleven American host cities, including Dallas, Los Angeles, Atlanta, New York/New Jersey, and Philadelphia, where consumer interest jumps to 42%.

Despite this undeniable wave of momentum, soccer is not quite ready to dethrone America’s biggest sporting events. When stacked against domestic mainstays, the World Cup still plays catch-up. Consumer data tracking viewership intent shows that while 32% of Americans plan to watch the World Cup, 58% plan to watch the Winter Olympics, and a staggering 69% will tune into the NFL’s Super Bowl.

Will the Americans pack the stadiums for the World Cup?

However, as the world’s biggest tournament returns to US soil for the first time in thirty-two years, it faces an entirely different landscape strained by corporate economics.

The 1994 World Cup in the US was a staggering, record-breaking success. It drew 3.59 million fans across 52 matches, averaging nearly 69,000 attendees per game. It remains the most attended World Cup in history.

However, speculation about whether Americans will pack stadiums like they did in 1994 has hit an unexpected snag: FIFA’s aggressive corporate pricing model. During the 1994 tournament, group-stage tickets were relatively accessible, ranging from $25 to $75. By stark contrast, FIFA’s 2026 individual match tickets see first-round seats averaging around $400, with opening match tickets starting at $560 and category-one seats scaling up to $2,735. For the United States’ highly anticipated matches, primary, and resale prices have left ordinary local families facing severe sticker shock, with select group-stage tickets soaring past $1,100.

Because FIFA now tightly controls its own resale marketplace to harvest transactional fees, prices fluctuate based on demand like airline tickets. While major marquee matches and the knockout rounds are completely sold out, ordinary American supporters have openly complained about being priced out of lesser group-stage fixtures, leaving thousands of tickets sitting on primary resale portals on the eve of kickoff.

Ultimately, the 2026 World Cup catches the United States at a historic sporting crossroads. Driven by a younger, more diverse fanbase, soccer is no longer a niche novelty in America. The interest is real, deep, and fully integrated into the culture. But while the stadium atmospheres will be electric, any empty seats seen during the opening weeks shouldn’t be blamed on an “indifferent American public”—rather, blame a modern corporate strategy that misjudged the wallet of the everyday fan.

Related: World Cup 2030 to Be Hosted in Spain, Portugal, Morocco, South America

For the second straight day, the US and Iran have traded retaliatory military strikes across the Middle East, pushing an already fragile April ceasefire to the brink of collapse.

US Central Command (CENTCOM) confirmed a fresh wave of “self-defense strikes” directly hitting radar, surveillance, and military facilities in southern Iran. The American bombardment followed a stark warning from US President Donald Trump, who declared that Washington would hit Iran “hard” because Tehran had taken “too long to make a deal” to halt hostilities permanently.

Iran is being hit harder than anything we’ve seen. pic.twitter.com/bwvB2aYaFJ

— USA NEWS (@usanewshq) June 11, 2026

Iran targets US bases in the Middle East

Tehran immediately struck back, targeting US military infrastructure across multiple neighboring countries. For a second consecutive day, American bases in Kuwait and Bahrain faced Iranian fire, while Iranian state media reported that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) launched ballistic missiles at a US command center in Jordan. The attacks forced Kuwait to temporarily shut down its airspace after its military intercepted “hostile aerial targets,” while air raid sirens sounded in the middle of the night in Bahrain.

The conflict has also spilled into vital global shipping lanes. Iranian state media claimed the IRGC struck two oil tankers and declared the strategic Strait of Hormuz “completely closed.” While CENTCOM countered that commercial maritime traffic was still successfully transiting the waterway, global energy markets panicked. Brent crude quickly jumped 2%, surging to around $95 a barrel.

The escalating rhetoric suggests no immediate end to the violence. US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth warned that bombs would continue to drop on Iran’s core facilities if a diplomatic resolution isn’t reached, a sentiment echoed by President Trump on Truth Social.

Meanwhile, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian stood defiant, vowing that Iran “will stand firm against any pressure or threat” while slamming Washington for sabotaging peace talks with contradictory diplomacy.

The Cannes Film Market (Marché du Film) has officially named Greece as its 2027 Country of Honour for the landmark 80th edition of the Cannes Film Festival. This prestigious spotlight celebrates the country’s rapid ascent into a premier global audiovisual hub.

Operating under the banner “Ride the Greek Wave,” the initiative will highlight the convergence of Greek creativity, a booming production sector, and its growing role in international storytelling.

“With the remarkable momentum of its film and audiovisual industry today, Greece embodies the spirit of creativity, openness, and international collaboration that the Marché du Film seeks to celebrate through its Country of Honour initiative,” said Guillaume Esmiol, Executive Director of the Marché du Film.

This major milestone follows a massive influx of high-profile international projects utilizing Greece’s scenic versatility and its highly competitive 40% cash rebate incentive.

Cannes celebrates Greece as a film and TV production hub

Major recent film and television productions that have set up camp across Greece’s islands and mainland include:

Emily in Paris (Netflix): For its highly anticipated new season, the ultra-popular streaming franchise has expanded Emily Cooper’s horizons to Greece. Production crews completely took over Mykonos, filming major scenes featuring Lily Collins and co-star Lucas Bravo at the pristine Agios Sostis Beach, as well as the island’s iconic windmills and the narrow alleys of Little Venice.

The Riders: Hollywood star Brad Pitt spent weeks touring Greece to film this high-stakes psychological drama directed by Oscar-winner Edward Berger (All Quiet on the Western Front). The production spanned diverse settings across the country, from a dramatic artificial storm sequence shot inside a historic studio in Menidi to location shoots on the car-free island of Hydra, the historic railway station of Chalkida, and right in front of Athens Town Hall in Kotzia Square.

The Odyssey (Universal Pictures): Christopher Nolan’s highly anticipated, ancient-set cinematic epic based on Homer’s poem, which utilized locations across the Mediterranean, including Greece.

The Return: A gritty, atmospheric retelling of Odysseus’s homecoming starring Ralph Fiennes and Juliette Binoche, filmed extensively amidst the ancient olive groves and rugged cliffs of Corfu.

House of David (Amazon MGM Studios): A sprawling biblical drama series that transformed the landscapes of Attica and the Peloponnese into ancient Israel.

Malice (Prime Video): A psychological thriller series starring David Duchovny and Carice van Houten, which filmed across Athens, Piraeus, and the sun-bleached Cycladic islands of Paros and Antiparos.

Maestro in Blue (Netflix): The critically acclaimed, internationally distributed Greek drama series produced by Christoforos Papakaliatis, which wrapped up its sweeping story against the stunning backdrop of Paxos and Corfu.

Greece’s audiovisual sector

Leonidas Christopoulos, CEO of Greece’s film and media agency EKKOMED, noted that the Cannes distinction is a massive victory for the local industry: “This distinction is both a significant recognition and a unique opportunity to showcase Greece’s vibrant creative ecosystem on the international stage. Today, Greece is a place where cinematic heritage meets contemporary talent, innovation, and international collaboration.”

EKKOMED says that Greece’s audiovisual sector contributes €1.9 billion ($2.18 billion) to the national economy, supports approximately 44,000 jobs, and includes nearly 3,000 companies active across production, post-production, animation, and related creative services.