Nuclear powers spent a record of $119 billion on arsenals in 2025, as the world’s nine nuclear-armed states significantly increased their weapons-related expenditure, according to a new report by the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN).

The figure marks a 19 percent rise from 2024, with nuclear powers spending $17 billion more than the previous year. ICAN warns that the increase reflects a broader trend that is likely to continue for decades. The report covers the United States, Russia, China, the United Kingdom, France, India, Israel, Pakistan, and North Korea.

ICAN warns of a new nuclear arms race

As per the Nobel Peace Prize-winning organization, rising geopolitical tensions are fueling what it describes as a new nuclear arms race. ICAN has also raised concerns over the possible role of artificial intelligence in nuclear decision-making, warning that AI could accelerate the process leading to the potential use of nuclear weapons.

Susie Snyder, ICAN’s program coordinator and one of the report’s authors, described the figures as deeply troubling. Speaking to Agence France-Presse, she declared it’s deeply terrifying.

US spent more than all other nuclear powers combined

The United States remained the world’s largest nuclear spender in 2025, allocating $69.2 billion to its arsenal. That was $12.4 billion more than in 2024 and more than the combined total spent by the other eight nuclear-armed states. China ranked second, with estimated spending of $13.5 billion. The United Kingdom followed with $12.6 billion, while Russia spent $9.5 billion.

According to ICAN, the nine nuclear-armed countries have spent over $470 billion on their arsenals in the past five years.

Long-term nuclear programs could last beyond 2100

The report reveals that nuclear weapons spending is expected to continue rising as countries modernize and maintain their arsenals over time. ICAN points to spending plans in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France that could necessitate billions of dollars through the end of the century. Other nuclear-armed states are also developing weapons systems designed to remain in service for decades.

In the United States, the planned Sentinel intercontinental ballistic missile program is expected to remain operational beyond 2100. Based on the report, expanded US production of plutonium pits could support nuclear warheads until at least 2120. ICAN estimates that the United States alone is expected to spend nearly $1 trillion on its nuclear arsenal between 2025 and 2034.

Report compares record spending by nuclear powers with global needs

The scale of spending, ICAN says, comes as governments face pressing global challenges, including health care, food security, and humanitarian needs. According to Snyder, the amount spent by nuclear-armed states in 2025 would have been enough to fund the United Nations budget dozens of times over. She added that a single day of nuclear weapons spending could have guaranteed food security for two million people last year.

The report argues that nuclear-armed countries are committing public resources to weapons that, according to Snyder, they “could not use without committing a war crime.” ICAN maintains that the latest figures show that nuclear weapons spending is becoming a long-term strategic priority rather than a short-term response to current global tensions.

OpenAI confirmed Monday it has confidentially filed an IPO with U.S. regulators, joining rival Anthropic as the AI sector moves toward public markets. No timeline, share count, or pricing was announced.

The company said the move preserves the option for an earlier listing, while some decisions are easier to handle as a private firm.

Reuters reported OpenAI is targeting a valuation near $1 trillion for a debut possible as early as September. Anthropic filed for a U.S. IPO on June 1 after a $65 billion funding round valued it at $965 billion.

SpaceX is also pursuing a $75 billion offering at a $1.75 trillion valuation. Analysts say the simultaneous push by three major AI companies toward public markets is the most significant development of its kind for technology investors in a decade.

$2 billion monthly revenue signals rapid growth beyond ChatGPT

In March, OpenAI raised $122 billion from SoftBank, Amazon, and Nvidia at a valuation of $840 billion to $852 billion. ChatGPT had exceeded 900 million weekly active users and 50 million paying subscribers.

Monthly revenue stood at $2 billion, up from roughly $1 billion per quarter at the end of 2024, growing nearly four times faster than Alphabet and Meta at comparable stages. Internal projections put the company’s break-even point no earlier than 2030.

JUST IN: OpenAI confidentially files for IPO. pic.twitter.com/sAORVBWEy1

— Whale Insider (@WhaleInsider) June 8, 2026

Beyond ChatGPT, OpenAI launched tools for government, healthcare, and finance, a web browser, consumer hardware plans, and an AI coding agent. It added a lower-cost $8 subscription tier and advertising as new revenue sources.

The Information reported in April that OpenAI projects 122 million subscribers this year and expects advertising to lead revenue by 2030.

A renegotiated Microsoft deal, covering $13 billion in investment since 2019, enabled growth at Azure and opened new agreements with Amazon and Alphabet.

OpenAI files its IPO amid legal battles and market pressure

Gil Luria of D.A. Davidson warned that large AI listings and Google’s recent secondary share sales could reduce the capital available for smaller offerings.

Michael Ashley Schulman of Cerity Partners said OpenAI appeared to be keeping its options flexible while Anthropic moved ahead in the IPO filing process. Prediction markets had expected OpenAI to file first.

OpenAI began as a nonprofit in 2015 and later added a for-profit arm under nonprofit oversight, a structure that drew attention when CEO Sam Altman was ousted by its board and reinstated within days in late 2023.

The company announced plans to convert to a public benefit corporation in December 2024. Early backer Musk filed a lawsuit alleging Altman and others redirected the organization from its founding mission for personal benefit.

A jury ruled against Musk in May, removing what analysts described as a significant legal obstacle ahead of the OpenAI IPO filing. His attorneys plan to appeal. Separate lawsuits link ChatGPT to shootings and suicides, and public skepticism toward AI persists.

In a novel diplomatic development, US President Donald Trump has reportedly approached the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, Theophilos III, to act as an informal mediator to help de-escalate the war between Russia and Ukraine.

According to reports from Israeli media, including Ynet, and Greek news outlet iefimerida, the proposal was discussed during a recent forty-minute meeting between Trump and the Patriarch at the White House. Sources close to the Patriarchate reveal that Trump asked Theophilos III to leverage his long-standing communication channels with Moscow—and specifically with Russian President Vladimir Putin—to explore avenues toward a ceasefire.

Jerusalem Patriarch: A religious intermediary?

Theophilos III is widely regarded as a figure of immense moral and religious authority, largely viewed as free from direct political alignment. Crucially, the Jerusalem Patriarchate has maintained close ties with the Russian Orthodox Church and has notably abstained from recognizing the autocephaly (independence) of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, which was granted by the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2019. This stance, combined with Moscow’s historical interest in protecting the Holy Sites in Jerusalem, gives the Patriarch unique diplomatic leverage with the Kremlin.

Furthermore, the Patriarch is no stranger to sensitive diplomacy. He previously assisted in securing the release of Israeli citizen Naama Issachar from a Russian prison. Trump is reportedly eager to utilize these open channels to demonstrate swift progress in resolving the conflict, especially as official diplomatic avenues remain heavily strained.

Mixed reactions and official caution

A meeting between Patriarch Theophilos III and Vladimir Putin is already scheduled for later this month. While no official mediation proposal has formally been presented to Kyiv, a Ukrainian government source generally welcomed the initiative. “Why not? The more mediators there are, the more responses we will get from Russia showing that Putin wants to keep fighting,” the source stated.

However, ecclesiastical sources in Athens have expressed deep skepticism regarding the feasibility of the endeavor, questioning whether Ukraine will ultimately accept a mediator with such close ties to Moscow.

Diplomatic talks shift to Athens

Amid these backstage diplomatic maneuvers, Patriarch Theophilos III arrived in Athens for an official visit, where he met with Greek Foreign Minister George Gerapetritis. While the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs focused on regional stability, Gerapetritis reaffirmed Greece’s unwavering support for the Patriarchate and the protection of Christian populations in the volatile Middle East.

The meeting concluded with the signing of a Memorandum of Cooperation between the Greek Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Culture and the Patriarchate to preserve the Holy See’s cultural heritage. Gerapetritis also underscored the vital importance of maintaining the historical Status Quo of Jerusalem, emphasizing the unity required among the ancient Eastern Patriarchates during this highly complex geopolitical era.

Greek activist and academic Antonis Vradis shared his harrowing experience after being detained by Israeli authorities in international waters alongside fellow Freedom Flotilla activists.

Speaking to Al Jazeera, Vradis revealed that he was held for 52 hours aboard an Israeli vessel before being transferred to Israel and ultimately deported. He alleges that he was subjected to brutal torture by Israeli commandos during his detention.

As a member of the Global Sumud Flotilla, a fleet of over fifty vessels aimed at breaking the naval blockade of Gaza to deliver humanitarian aid and stand in solidarity with Palestinians, AntVradis was aboard the La Sirena when it was intercepted by Israeli forces in international waters near Cyprus. The passengers were detained at gunpoint and transferred to the Nahshon, a ship he describes as a “floating prison.”

“I began calculating how many minutes on my knees I would trade for just a few seconds inside the torture container. It felt like we were kneeling for an eternity,” Vradis recalled. “A drone hovered overhead, and a nationalistic song blared continuously from the loudspeakers in an exhausting, repetitive loop.”

Greek flotilla activist alleges torture by Israelis

The activist detailed accounts of beatings, electric shocks, and humiliation. He noted that he was held in metal containers with dozens of other activists and deprived of food, water, and medical care. This experience, he said, helped him truly understand the depth of sumud—the steadfastness and resilience that characterizes Palestinians.

Upon arrival at the Israeli port of Ashdod, Vradis claims he faced further violence and was threatened with a knife, all while being denied medical attention.

“During the fingerprinting and photographing process inside a large registration tent, two guards dragged me into a small, isolated area behind a curtain,” he described. “One of them lunged at me with a folding knife. The blade was aimed at my stomach, but I instinctively moved, and it struck my arm instead, leaving a bleeding, four-centimeter gash.”

Vradis’ allegations are now the subject of legal proceedings in Greece. Reflecting on the ordeal, he warned that his experience reflects practices that have reportedly been inflicted on Palestinians for decades. “They put us in a black box stripped of all rights,” he stated, describing the incident as an act of “state piracy.”

Related: Israel Exploits Greece to Advance Regional Hegemony, UN Special Rapporteur Warns

Albanians have joined a growing wave of protests against a major coastal resort project linked to Jared Kushner’s investment firm, Affinity Partners. The demonstrations began near the proposed development site in Zvernec, close to the protected Vjosa-Narta coastal area, before spreading to the capital, Tirana, where protests continued for several days.

Chanting “cancel the project” and carrying banners reading “Albania is not for sale,” demonstrators demanded that the government block the resort plans. The project includes luxury tourism development on the uninhabited island of Sazan and in the Vjosa-Narta protected landscape, a wetland area near the southern community of Zvernec. The region is known for its biodiversity and is home to flamingos, seals, and sea turtle nesting sites.

Environmental groups, local residents, and civil society activists say the development could cause irreversible damage to one of Albania’s most sensitive coastal ecosystems. They have also raised concerns over transparency, land ownership, and possible corruption.

Albanians protest coastal resort after beach access blocked

The latest wave of demonstrations began after fencing and barbed wire appeared near the proposed development area, blocking access to the beach. Residents and environmental activists gathered in Zvernec, where tensions escalated.

Private security guards reportedly attacked and injured several protesters during the gathering. Following the incident, authorities suspended several police officers and revoked the licenses of two private security companies.

The unrest then moved to Tirana, where protesters rallied outside government buildings, including the office of Prime Minister Edi Rama. Demonstrators used inflatable flamingos as a symbol of the protected wetland and held signs reading “Nation is not for sale” and “I don’t want Albania like Dubai.”

Anti-corruption prosecutors open inquiry

The protests intensified after Albania’s Special Prosecutor’s Office against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) opened an inquiry into issues surrounding land titles, sales to investors, and changes affecting the protected status of the area. It has not been confirmed whether the land surrounded by barbed wire has been purchased by Affinity Partners.

Kushner first presented plans for development projects in Albania two years ago. According to those plans, Sazan, a former secret communist-era military base, would be transformed into a luxury tourist destination. The development has been estimated at around €1.4-1.6 billion ($1.62-1.86 billion). Luxury hotels were also planned for Zvernec, near the Vjosa-Narta protected area.

Environmental groups warn of serious damage

In January, around forty environmental organizations called for the suspension of the resort plans, warning that the project could threaten biodiversity in a coastal zone of major ecological significance. “We want all construction to halt and heavy machines out of the protected area,” said Joni Vorpsi, an ecologist with PPNEA-BirdLife Albania. “This would be a new city with around 10,000 rooms and it will completely destroy that wild region.”

Environmentalists argue that the scale of the project is incompatible with the protected status of the area. They say the development could disrupt bird migration routes, damage habitats, and permanently alter a largely undeveloped stretch of coastline.

Albanians protest as Rama rejects calls to halt coastal resort project

Prime Minister Edi Rama invited protesters to choose a delegation of about twenty people to discuss possible solutions, but the protesters rejected the proposal. Rama has publicly defended the investment, arguing that Albania must remain open and fair toward foreign investors.

“It is very important that we remain welcoming, that we remain fair, and that under no circumstances do we receive the stigma of being a country where investors are met with hostility,” Rama said in a statement shared with Reuters. “There is absolutely no chance that the investment will stop as long as I am here.” His comments have further angered opponents of the project, who say the issue is not hostility toward investment but the protection of public land, natural heritage, and the rule of law.

Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem met with US President Donald Trump at the White House on Thursday afternoon, June 4. The forty-minute discussion focused heavily on protecting Christian communities across the Middle East and safeguarding freedom of worship in the Holy Land.

The meeting comes at a time of severe regional instability, as Christian populations in Lebanon, Syria, and the Holy Land face mounting pressures and security challenges. During the talks, Patriarch Theophilos expressed deep concern over the vulnerability of these communities, emphasizing that their protection is vital not only for religious reasons but as a cornerstone for regional stability, coexistence, and peace.

“In recent years, Christian communities in the Middle East have faced a harsh reality of instability, growing threats, and rising pressures,” the Patriarch of Jerusalem stated in an official release. “We see ancient communities asking for something fundamentally basic: to continue living in safety, to preserve their faith, and to protect their freedom of worship.”

Safeguarding religious freedom

Addressing President Trump, His Beatitude noted that “safeguarding religious freedom and maintaining open access to the Holy Land is more than a spiritual matter; it is a prerequisite for stability, coexistence, and peace throughout the entire region.”

During the encounter, Patriarch Theophilos honored Donald Trump with the “Grand Cross” of the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, one of the highest distinctions bestowed by the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem.

According to the Patriarchate, the meeting builds upon the established relationship between the Patriarch and the Trump family, serving as a continuation of the US President’s landmark 2017 visit to Jerusalem and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

As one of the world’s oldest Christian institutions, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem holds a historic role in guarding holy sites, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. Patriarch Theophilos III, who has held the patriarchal throne since 2005, has frequently been involved in global religious events, including the consecration of the holy oil used in the coronation of King Charles III.

Related: Millions of Christians Face Persecution, Violence Worldwide: Holy See

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the Trump administration currently lacks the legal authority to restore Turkey to the F-35 fighter jet program, citing statutory restrictions linked to Ankara’s acquisition of Russia’s S-400 air defense system.

Rubio made the remarks during a House Foreign Affairs Committee hearing after Representative Dina Titus questioned him about recent comments by US Ambassador to Turkey Tom Barrack. Barrack had suggested that Washington should allow Turkey back into the F-35 program. Titus said that position appeared to conflict with existing US law and long-standing American policy.

Titus asked whether Turkey could receive advanced US fighter jets, including F-35s, under the current legal framework.

Rubio says Turkey’s F-35 return is blocked by law

Rubio said Turkey had originally participated in the F-35 program before Washington removed Ankara over its purchase of the Russian-made S-400 missile defense system.

“The reason why they can’t get them is because they purchased the S-400 system from the Russians,” Rubio said.

Turkey’s acquisition of the S-400 has remained a major source of tension in US-Turkey defense relations. Washington argues that the Russian system conflicts with NATO defense architecture and could create security risks for the F-35 platform.

Rubio points to NDAA restrictions

Titus noted that Turkey still possesses the S-400 system and remains subject to mandatory sanctions. Rubio acknowledged the point, saying existing US law controls the issue and limits the administration’s discretion.

Rubio said the administration currently lacks the authority to make such a decision because US law restricts the matter, including provisions of the National Defense Authorization Act.

His remarks underscored that any potential change in Turkey’s access to the F-35 program would require action on legal restrictions imposed by Congress. Those restrictions stem from Ankara’s S-400 acquisition and broader US sanctions policy toward major defense transactions with Russia.