The Rio-Antirrio Bridge in Western Greece is one of the world’s longest multi-span, cable-stayed bridges. Credit: Eusebius, Eusebius CC BY-SA 3.0/ Wikipedia
The Rio-Antirrio Bridge was inaugurated on August 7, 2004, one week before the opening of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
Within two decades, it changed the economic landscape in Greece. The Rio-Antirrio Bridge, which connects the Peloponnese with Central Greece, had the aim of making the transport of passengers and cargo much easier. That has certainly been achieved.
The opening of the bridge was a celebration, with the first people to officially cross it being none other than the Olympic torchbearers of the 2004 Olympics. One member of that group was Otto Rehhagel, the German football coach who had led the Greek national team to their triumph in the Euro 2004 Cup just a month earlier.
The official name of the bridge is the Charilaos Trikoupis Bridge, named after the nineteenth-century prime minister of Greece, who was the first man to envision such a span connecting the Peloponnese with Central Greece. Unfortunately, state finances at the time did not allow for such a large-scale project.
The 2,380-meter (approximately 1.8-mile) long bridge is one of the longest cable-stay bridges in the entire world. It improves access to and from the Peloponnese, which could previously only be reached by ferry or via the Isthmus of Corinth.
The bridge connects Peloponnese with western Greece. Public Domain
According to a recent study by the Observatory of Road Networks in Western Greece and the Peloponnese, the construction of the graceful white cable-stay bridge has already resulted in enormous financial benefits. To date, this amount is estimated to be over 400 million euros.
The experts believe that the total amount of funds the bridge’s construction will bring to the area will be more than one billion euros during the period of 2017 to 2032.
Tourist flows have also improved, which is especially noted with arrivals coming into the area from the north from the port of Patras. Travelers heading for the Ionian Sea islands and areas in Central Greece can now easily and swiftly cross through the central area of the country and back again.
The study also noted that the bridge has already had a positive effect on property values in the northern region, which has led to a significant rise in land prices. This has given added value to an area that had been largely underdeveloped, attracting investment.
Traffic flows have also benefited immensely from the creation of the Charilaos Trikoupis Bridge. It not only connects two major motorways, the Ionian Odos and Olympia Odos, but transport connections between Epirus and Aitoloakarnania have been greatly improved, as well.
Before the construction of the new span, Aitoloakarnania had basically been almost completely cut off from the rest of the country.
Rio-Antirrio Bridge considered an engineering masterpiece
The construction of the imposing cable-stay bridge is widely considered to be an engineering masterpiece, owing to several solutions applied to overcome difficulties caused by its location and the geology of the region.
These difficulties included the especially deep waters of the river, the once-unstable underlying ground under the bases of the bridge, seismic activity, the probability of tsunamis, and the expansion of the Gulf of Corinth due to plate tectonics.
The seabed was first reinforced and stabilized by driving two hundred hollow steel pipes into the ground beneath each pier. The pier footings themselves were not driven into the seabed; they rest on a bed of gravel meticulously leveled to an even surface (a difficult endeavor at this depth).
During an earthquake, the piers are able to move laterally along the sea floor, with the gravel bed absorbing the energy. The bridge decking is also connected to the pylons using special jacks and dampers designed to absorb any movement.
View the fascinating video below to see all the special features of this unique and beautiful cable-stay bridge, which has already contributed immensely to the economy of the country.
From Sardinia's undiscovered coastline before luxury hotels arrive to Uganda's gorilla treks in Bwindi forest, destinations to visit before everyone else does
View of Mandraki, Nisyros island, Greece. Credit: Alexandros Diamantidis, CC BY-SA 3.0/Wikimedia
Nisyros is a magical gem located in the Aegean. The island, part of the Dodecanese archipelago, is situated between Kos and Tilos, and has an active volcano which is also the youngest volcano in Greece.
Nisyros offers untouched villages, quiet beaches, hot springs and ancient walls of black volcanic stone. Top that off with the fact that there are few tourists, and you’ll feel like the entire island and all of its many beauties are exclusively yours.
There are several quaint villages on the island; the largest is Mandraki. It is straight out of a photo book of traditional Greek island architecture and great views.
The narrow, cobbled streets and squares lace around the villages where you can take a stroll and feel as though you have traveled back to ancient times. The homes, which are made of volcanic rocks and are insulated with pumice stone, boast wooden balconies.
Emporios. Credit: Robert Powell, CC BY-SA 3.0/Wikimedia
Nightlife on Nisyros is very unlike the hectic pace of party islands in Greece. You will, however, find quaint local tavernas and bars in which to enjoy your lazy summer nights.
The Volcano
You can actually go to the center of the island, walk along the volcano’s rim, and watch its boiling crater. The volcano, which hasn’t actually erupted since 1888, is a spectacular sight.
Located at the edge of the caldera, the view is breathtaking, and you can learn a thing or two about the fascinating geology of the island. 3D animated images to demonstrate various facts about the volcano are available, so be sure to check them out.
Aerial view of Nisyros. Credit: Ferengi, CC BY-SA 3.0/Wikipedia
Paleokastro, Nisyros’ Acropolis
Dating back to the classical period and ruins of the ancient city, the Paleokastro is constructed from one of the hardest rocks in the world, basaltic andesite, which was spewed out from the volcano. This has helped preserve the acropolis through the passage of time.
A Monastery Built in a Cave
The Monastery of Panagia Spiliani sits atop of a hill in northwest Mandraki, the largest part of it constructed inside a cave. A truly unique experience, the cave is divided into two churches and is definitely worth a visit.
Panagia Spiliani. Public Domain
Nisyros’ Thermal Spas
At several points along the coast of Nisyros, you will find spouting hot water springs with temperatures varying from 30 to 60 degrees Celsius (86 to 140 degrees F). The springs are known for their therapeutic effects for muscles and skin.
Around 1.5 km (1 mile) east of the port of Mandraki, you will find the thermal spa of Loutra with hot spring waters at 37 degrees Celsius (or 98.6 Fahrenheit, equal to humans’ body temperature).
Get ready For Beautiful Beaches on Nisyros island
Due to the relatively few numbers of travelers on the island, the beaches of Nisyros are extraordinarily clean, quiet, and relaxing.
You can go to a different beach every day, as there are many to choose from. Some favorites are Lefki Beach, along with Gialiskari, Lyés, Páloi, Pachia Ammos, Katsouni, Aghios Savas, Aghia Irini, and Chochlákia Beaches.
Must-try local cuisine
There are many traditional dishes to be savored on Nisyros island. Some typical “spitiko” or homemade dishes are pita, chickpea nuggets, and kapamas, which is stuffed goat. Of course, as you are on an island, there is always fresh seafood available, too!
Getting there
You can get to the volcanic paradise of Nisyros from the island of Kos or as part of a tour of other islands in the Dodecanese, as well as from Piraeus.
View of Mandraki, Nisyros island, Greece. Credit: Alexandros Diamantidis, CC BY-SA 3.0/Wikimedia
Nisyros is a magical gem located in the Aegean. The island, part of the Dodecanese archipelago, is situated between Kos and Tilos, and has an active volcano which is also the youngest volcano in Greece.
Nisyros offers untouched villages, quiet beaches, hot springs and ancient walls of black volcanic stone. Top that off with the fact that there are few tourists, and you’ll feel like the entire island and all of its many beauties are exclusively yours.
There are several quaint villages on the island; the largest is Mandraki. It is straight out of a photo book of traditional Greek island architecture and great views.
The narrow, cobbled streets and squares lace around the villages where you can take a stroll and feel as though you have traveled back to ancient times. The homes, which are made of volcanic rocks and are insulated with pumice stone, boast wooden balconies.
Emporios. Credit: Robert Powell, CC BY-SA 3.0/Wikimedia
Nightlife on Nisyros is very unlike the hectic pace of party islands in Greece. You will, however, find quaint local tavernas and bars in which to enjoy your lazy summer nights.
The Volcano
You can actually go to the center of the island, walk along the volcano’s rim, and watch its boiling crater. The volcano, which hasn’t actually erupted since 1888, is a spectacular sight.
Located at the edge of the caldera, the view is breathtaking, and you can learn a thing or two about the fascinating geology of the island. 3D animated images to demonstrate various facts about the volcano are available, so be sure to check them out.
Aerial view of Nisyros. Credit: Ferengi, CC BY-SA 3.0/Wikipedia
Paleokastro, Nisyros’ Acropolis
Dating back to the classical period and ruins of the ancient city, the Paleokastro is constructed from one of the hardest rocks in the world, basaltic andesite, which was spewed out from the volcano. This has helped preserve the acropolis through the passage of time.
A Monastery Built in a Cave
The Monastery of Panagia Spiliani sits atop of a hill in northwest Mandraki, the largest part of it constructed inside a cave. A truly unique experience, the cave is divided into two churches and is definitely worth a visit.
Panagia Spiliani. Public Domain
Nisyros’ Thermal Spas
At several points along the coast of Nisyros, you will find spouting hot water springs with temperatures varying from 30 to 60 degrees Celsius (86 to 140 degrees F). The springs are known for their therapeutic effects for muscles and skin.
Around 1.5 km (1 mile) east of the port of Mandraki, you will find the thermal spa of Loutra with hot spring waters at 37 degrees Celsius (or 98.6 Fahrenheit, equal to humans’ body temperature).
Get ready For Beautiful Beaches on Nisyros island
Due to the relatively few numbers of travelers on the island, the beaches of Nisyros are extraordinarily clean, quiet, and relaxing.
You can go to a different beach every day, as there are many to choose from. Some favorites are Lefki Beach, along with Gialiskari, Lyés, Páloi, Pachia Ammos, Katsouni, Aghios Savas, Aghia Irini, and Chochlákia Beaches.
Must-try local cuisine
There are many traditional dishes to be savored on Nisyros island. Some typical “spitiko” or homemade dishes are pita, chickpea nuggets, and kapamas, which is stuffed goat. Of course, as you are on an island, there is always fresh seafood available, too!
Getting there
You can get to the volcanic paradise of Nisyros from the island of Kos or as part of a tour of other islands in the Dodecanese, as well as from Piraeus.
Cape Tainaro (also known as Cape Matapan) is the southernmost point of mainland Greece and the Balkan Peninsula, located at the tip of the Mani Peninsula. It’s a place of rugged beauty, characterized by dramatic cliffs, a wild landscape, and the convergence of the Messenian and Laconian Gulfs.
Tainaro has been important for thousands of years, serving as a maritime crossroads and a place of worship. Today, a lighthouse stands at its very tip, and scattered ruins of ancient settlements and temples can still be found there.
The southernmost point of the Balkan Peninsula. Credit: Nicolas Hadjidimitriou, CC BY-SA 4.0 / Wikipedia
The lighthouse that stands guard in Tainaro is considered one of the most imposing in all of Greece. It is a construction of French technicians, built of stone on a plateau on the natural rocks of the cape, with a height of about 52 feet (16 meters). It began operating in 1887 and was renovated in 1930.
In 1984, an automatic lighting machine was installed there, and the lighthouse was abandoned by its last guardians. The building was restored in 2008 and has since been guarded by Navy personnel. Every third Sunday in August, public access is free as part of World Lighthouse Day.
Ancient Greeks believed that a cave at the cape’s edge, often referred to as the “Gates of Hades” or “mouth of Taenarum,” was a direct entrance to the Underworld, the realm of the dead, ruled by the god Hades. This mythical entrance was said to be guarded by Cerberus, the monstrous three-headed hound with a serpent’s tail who prevented the dead from escaping and the living from entering.
One of the most famous myths connected to Tainaro is that of Heracles (Hercules). As his twelfth labor, he descended into the Underworld through this cave to capture and bring Cerberus to Eurystheus. The legendary musician Orpheus also used this passage to descend into Hades in his attempt to bring his beloved wife, Eurydice, back to the world of the living.
By some accounts, the sculpted canal on the east side of Porto Sternes was the path taken by the souls of the dead, ferried by Charon, the grim boatman of the Underworld.
Cape Tainaro was home to a sanctuary dedicated to Poseidon, the god of the sea. Poseidon was worshiped under various epithets, including “Poseidon Tainarios,” as the god who controlled both the seas and earthquakes.
The temple served as a place of inviolable asylum, offering refuge to criminals and even escaped slaves. A story was recounted by Thucydides about the Spartans violating this asylum by killing helots (agrarian slaves) who had taken refuge there, an act believed to have brought divine retribution in the form of an earthquake.
The site also functioned as a “necromanteion,” or Oracle of the Dead, where Ancient Greeks would perform rituals to communicate with the spirits of their deceased ancestors, seeking guidance or prophecy.
A celebrated bronze statue of the poet and singer Arion, seated on a dolphin, was a prominent dedicatory offering at the temple of Poseidon. It honors the myth of Arion, who was rescued by a dolphin after being cast into the sea by pirates and brought safely to Cape Tainaron.
In medieval times, Tainaro became a notorious pirate base—with merchant ships carefully avoiding it—and during World War II, the Battle of Tainaro (March 1941) was fought off the coast between the British and Italian fleets.
Getting to Tainaro
The only way to get to Tainaro is by hiking along a path that many consider to be the most interesting of the “inner” Mani. It is accessible to all with no significant altitude differences and has a total length of about 1.4 miles. Starting from the village of Kokkinogia, it’ll probably take around fifty minutes to get to the lighthouse.
You will find the village of Kokkinogia at the end of the Areopolis-Tainaro road. The marked dirt path begins at the church of Agioi Asomatoi and passes by the beach of Aria, where you can see a Roman mosaic. The surrounding landscape is typical of Mani: thorn bushes, thyme, low vegetation, flint stones, and no shade—so be sure to wear a hat, apply sunscreen, and bring plenty of water. The views along the way to Tainaro will make it all worthwhile.
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