Artificial political independence, when it remains devoid of economic sovereignty, constitutes only an illusion of freedom, a facade of autonomy deprived of any real capacity for self-determination. Russia, Africa and dedollarization It is in this context that the dedollarization promoted by Russia – and the growing interest of several African nations in payment systems alternative […]

Future generations will ask, What did you do when the choice became clear between war and development? Did you defend the old order that was failing, or did you join the movement for a new world? As Europe lay in ruins by the end of World War II, the United States adopted the Marshall Plan, […]